The Oscillator switches its outputs on and off with periods ranging from 1ms up to 1000s. The period of the pulses is set by the I4 input. The timing can be suspended by setting the Disable input to high. The output can also be forced off and on setting the I1 and I2 inputs high respectively.

The outputs will always give inverse values . When one is on, the other is off and vice versa.

The period in ms is given as follows:

period = ( 1024 P / 5 ) ^ 2 ms
where P is the voltage at the input

Note that the Period input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to supply this value externally.

When triggered, the Sequencer generates an output signal at each one of its outputs in turn at a rate determined by the Period input.

The Sequencer is triggered by a high value at the Trigger input. At that point, the internal timer is started. When the first period is ended, the first output O0 is set to high, and the timer is restarted. When the next period is at an end, the first output is switched off, the next is activated and the timer restarted and so on. When the final timer period is at an end, all outputs are turned off and the system waits for the next Trigger.

The Trigger may be held high in which case the Sequencer will sequence continually.

The timer may be suspended by activating the Disable input. The Sequencer will stay in whatever state it was in until the Disable input is again returned to off.

At any time the Seqence may be reset to its off state by setting the Reset input to high (5V).

The state of the outputs can be inverted by setting the Invert input to high. Then it is the deactviation of outputs that travel around in succession.

The period of the timer in ms is given as follows:

period = ( 1024 P / 5 ) ^ 2 ms
where P is the voltage at the I4 input

Note that the Period input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to supply this value externally.

In this mode the block implements several logical functions. Each of the inputs P, Q, R, S, T are taken to represent a truth value, i.e. true or false, corresponding to 5V or 0V on the input. Then the outputs represent a variety of different logical combinations of the inputs.

The AND output is false unless all of the P, Q, R, S inputs are true. If they are all true, then the output is true.

The OR output is true if any of P, Q, R, or S inputs are true (5V). If all are false the OR output is false.

The XOR output is true if only one of the P, Q, R and S inputs is true (5V) and all the rest are false (0V). In any other case, the XOR output is false.

Finally, the value at the T input is inverted and then presented at the INV output. If the T input is true (5V), the INV output is false (0V), and vice versa.

Note that the T input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to use this input unencumbered.

The Switch simply remembers whether it's on or off. It outputs what state it's in on the Output, and the opposite state on the Inverted Output.

By setting the Switch On input to on, you can turn the output on. By setting the Switch Off input to on, you can turn the output off. The On input has priority.

You can also toggle the state of the switch from the current state to the other state by sending a true to the Toggle input.

Finally, you can load new values into the switch. When the Load input is brought high (5V), the value presented to the Value input is set as the new Output value .

Note that the Value input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to use this as an actual input.

The Timer function can be used to activate something, or deactivate it for a period of time that can range from milliseconds to almost 20 minutes.

The timer is started in one of a number of different ways. Setting the Trigger input to true will cause the timer to start. It will not re-trigger until it is returned to false and then set to true again. Whenever the Trigger is activated in this way (i.e. cycled from false to true), the timer is restarted.

The Inverted Trigger input works in a similar way but the other way around (inverted). The timer will trigger when the Inverted Trigger is set to true from false. It will not re-trigger again until it is returned to true, and then returned to false again.

The Sustain Trigger is slightly different from the Trigger input. Setting this input to true immediately activates both the output and the timer, but doesn't actually start the timer counting down until the signal goes away.

The Invert Sustain Trigger input changes the sense of the Sustain Trigger, so that it works the other way around. A false on the Sustain Trigger when there is a true on the Invert Sustain Trigger will trigger the timer, but it won't start counting down until the Sustain Trigger is again returned to true.

When the timer is triggered, the Time Remaining output alone becomes active. Once one half of the time period has passed, the 1/2 Time Remaining output is activated. Once only 1/4 of the time remains, that output is activated. Finally, when the time period is completely over, the Time Remaining output deactivates and the Time Expired output activates. If the timer is not running, the Time Expired, 1/4 Time Remaining and 1/2 Time Remaining outputs are all on.

The Timer Duration input sets the period of the timer. The period in ms is given as follows:

period = ( 1024 P / 5 ) ^ 2 ms
where P is the voltage at the input

Note that the Timer Duration input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to set the period from an external source.

The Counter can be used to count events. The internal count is increased when the Count Up input transitions from false to true, and decreased when the Count Down input transistions from false to true.

The internal count may be cleared to zero by setting the Clear input to true, and set to the Maximum value by setting the Set input to true.

The maximum count value is set by the Max input according to the following formula:

max = 1024 P / 5
where P is the voltage at the input

The count is presented at the output as a fraction. It represents the fractional amount of the total Maximum count the current count has reached. When the count is zero, the output is at 0V, when the count is at the maximum, the output is at 5V. In between the degree to which it is on is proportional to the count.

The output is in PWM form, which means that it rapidly turns off and on in ratios that reflect the value it seeks to represent. To drive a light or motor with it directly, use the S0 output. To read the output as a voltage, use the A0 output.

Two other outputs signal when the count is at zero (Output Min) or at the maximum (Output Max).

Finally, the Count Direction Up is set to true when the last count was upwards.

Note that the Maximum input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to set the maximum count from an external source.

Compare - 06 - 0110

The Compare function compares two incoming voltages, Input X and Input Y.

If the Range input (R) is left unattached or if it is set to 0V, the Compare function works as follows: If the voltage on X is less than that on Y, both the Not Equals and Less outputs are set to true. If the voltage on X is greater than the that on Y, both the Not Equals and Greater outputs are set to true. Note that with the Range input at 0V, the Equals output rarely, if ever, activates.

When the Range input is not set to zero, the Compare function behaves differently. What now happens is that a region is created around the Y value. This region extends from whatever the Y value is, minus R, up to the Y value plus R. This creates a "window", against which X is compared.

The Compare function now behaves as follows:

If the X value is less than Y - R, only the Not Equals and the Less outputs are set to true.

If the X value lies between Y - R and Y + R, the Equals output is set to true and the other outputs are set to false.

Finally, if the X value is greater than Y + R, only the Not Equals and the Greater outputs set to true.

This functionality can therefore create a range of values of X which are regarded as Equal.

Note that the Y input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to supply this value externally.

The Multiplier function takes the two inputs, X and Y and multiplies them together. If both inputs are at 1V, the output will be 1V x 1V = 1V. If the one is 3V and the other is 0.5V, the output will be 1.5V. Therefore, in volts, Output = X x Y. This is handy since it allows the incoming value to be multiplied by up to 5 times, and allows it to be multiplied by numbers less than 1 giving a dividing effect. For example setting one of the inputs to 0.5V will cause half the value of the other input to be presented to the output.

The X Negative and Y Negative inputs permit the sign of the input to be set. Either of these can result in the sign of the output being negative. The sign of the output is expressed with the Output Negative and Output Positive outputs.

Since in a 5V system, larger voltages can not be expressed, if the Product of X and Y is calculated to be greater than 5V or less than -5V, the value is capped at 5V (or -5V).

To permit more complete use of this range, if the Normalize input is set to true, the output is always divided by 5. This ensures that all input products have a legitimate output. For example if the inputs are 5V and 3V, the sum would normally be an inexpressible 15V. With the Normalizing feature, this value is divided by 5 to yield 3V.

This permits X x Y operations where X and Y are both 0V - 5V, and therefore the maximum outputs would be 25V to be re-ranged to output 0 - 5V.

Note that the Y input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to supply this value externally.

The Multiplexor presents one of four values on the output depending on the two Input Selectors, Sel0 and Sel1.

Sel1 and Sel0 combine to form a binary channel number. There are three inputs, In0 and In1 and In2 selected by channel. If channel 3 is selected, 0V is set on the Output.

Note that the In2 input is I4, which is normally connected to the Trimpot. You will need to remove the Trimpot jumper in order to supply this value externally.